Metal alloy



Patented Mar. 8, 19 32- eEoReE smeER, E Ru'rnEREoRn,

AND JOSEPH a. WEIGER, 0E UNION CITY, NEW JERsEY, ASSIGNORS, RrarEs EASSIGNMENTS, no r. R. ro e'rED, or INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, A coRroRA'rIoNor MALLoR & 00. mean- INDIANA METAL ALLOY No Drawing.

This invention relates to metallic bodies welding operations.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved, noveland commercially desirable method of producing an alloy or electrode ofthe character aforementioned.

Another object is that'of providing an alloy as aforementioned whichwill eiiiciently perform the purposes for which it is lntended and maybe economically and readily manufactured.

Other objects of theinvention will in part be obvious and will in partappear hereinafter. i

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,combinations of ele- 25 ments, and arrangement of parts, which will beexemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth and the scope ofthe applica-.

' tion of which will be indicated in the claims. With primary referenceto the alloy, it is preferred to utilize a refractory metal combinedwith metal having a relatively low melting point, it being alsodesirable to incorporate in the alloy a material increaslng the inherenthardness thereof to a marked extent.

According to the present invention, the refractory metal may include oneof the ele ments of the sixth group of the periodic table of chemicalelements, sub-groupfor example, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten anduranium, as specified in the Mendeljefl"s table appearing in Treatise onChemistryfllliy Roscoe & Schorlemmer, Vol. II The etals-, published byThe MacMillan Publishing Company. Combined with a base of this nature ina manner hereinafter specified are one or more metals having arelatively low melting point, such as for example, aluminum,

copper, and manganese, etc.- .Any desirable tin, antimony, zinc, nickel,magnesium, lead,

application filed August 26, 1925. Serial No. 52,690.

hardeningmaterial may be incorporated'in the alloy, as for example,carbon or lampblack, which may becombined with the base, and phosphorusmay be utilized, if desired, combined with the low melting point metalin order to harden the same. The amount of this hardening materialshould be present in Per cent" by weight Refractory metal 72 Low meltingpoint metal ,4 27. 5 Hardening material 5 Bycombining a refractory metalwith a metal having a low melting point, it is found, first, that theresulting alloy is rendered inherently stron and its texture is 'homoge-8 neous. Secon y, such an alloy will be capable of being readilymachined.- Thirdly, the heat conductivit thereof will be of propergrade; and fourt the electrical conductivity will be improved.

By the introduction of lamp-black or a similar material into the base,corresponding carbides are formed and the base will have its inherenthardness considerably enhanced. In other words, by this expedient itmight be said that the structure of the base is changed intoa materialwhich is fundamentally harder or that the actual composition thereof ischanged, and if the alloy is I utilized as an electrode its base willhave the property of not adhering to the material being welded (whichwould be the case with pure tungsten);

By the use of such an electrode, a practicaible method is developed ofspot-welding w beet-metals having relatively low melting )oints, forexample brass since in the first )lace the electrode will not adhere orfuse to .he brass, and in the second place. the resistmce offered by thesame will be sufficient for ;upplying the requisite amount of heat.

Thus an alloy is provided by means of which welding operations mayreadily be performed, which were heretofore of an extremely delicate orsomewhat impracticable commercial-nature, in that they caused abreakdown on the part of the contact elements or electrodes, which willnot be the case when employing electrodes of the nature embraced by thepresent invention. The following is an example of the method ofproducing an alloy in accordance with the present invention: A

Quantities of the refractory and hardening ingredients taken for examplein the amounts indicated above, i. e. 72 parts by weight of tungsten, asthe refractory material (the 27.5 parts by weight ofthe low meltingpoint metal, such as copper, being lateradded), and .5 parts by weightof lamp black as the hardening material, are mixed together preferablyin powdered form and an ingot is formed by subjecting the same topressure, for example ten ounds to the square inch. The latter is firedin a hydrogen furnace at 1000 (l, and continued for a few minutes. Inthe ingot the voids will amount to 40% to 50%, so that theoretically andpractically the limit of additional material will be approximatelyequal. The metal is then placed in a refractory receptacle, and the lowmelting point metal is placed preferably in solid form about it. Thewhole is then further heated in a reducing atmosphere, and the low melt:ing point metals will enetrate the base and form a good alloy. T us withmetal, which melts at 1080 (1., the temperature of the ingot is raisedto approximately 1300 C. and maintained at this temperature forapproximately one hour, after which it is allowed to cool. If theresulting alloy is reheated to the same temperature, it will befoundthat none of the low melting point metal will flow from the base.

By means of the present method, excellent alloys are obtained, hestructure of which is homo eneous, and the bodies of which may be easllyprepared, andwhere such alloys are utilized to provide the bodies ofelectrodes the latter may be employed to advantage over long periods oftime without any breaking down of their structure, and they may also beutilized for the ready practicing of welding methods heretofore regardedas impracticable.

Thus, among others, the objects specifically aforementioned areachieved, and since certain changes in carrying out the above processand certain modifications in the composition which embody the inventionmay be made without departing from its scope, it is intended that allmatter contained in the above description shall be interpreted asillustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also .tobe understood that the following claims are intended tocover all of the generic and specific features of the invention hereindescribed and all statements of the scope of the invention which as amatter of language might be said to fall therebetween.

Having described our invention, what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. A metallic body comprising, in preponderating amount, a porous baseof metallic tungsten with which is incorporated a relatively lowmelting-point metal comprising copper, and a hardening materialcomprising one or more of the elements carbon and phosphorous in anamount up to about 3 per cent by weight of the base adapted to reactwith the metallic tungsten and partially harden the same.

2. A metallic body comprising, derating amount, a porous base ofmetallic tungsten with which is incorporated a relatively lowmelting-point metal comprising copper and a hardening materialcomprising carbon in an amount up to about 3 per cent by weight of thebase adapted to reactwith the metallic tungsten and partially harden thesame.

3. A metallic body comprising, in preponderating amount a porous base ofmetallic tungsten with which copper is incorporated in a ratio approximaing substantially three to one, and a hardening material comprisingcarbon in an amount up to about 3 per cent by weight of the base.

4. A metallic body comprising a porous base of one or more of the metalsof the sixth periodic group, sub-group A in Mendeljeffs periodic tableof the elements, with which is incorporated a relatively low meltingpoint material comprising one or more of the metals aluminum, tin,antimony, zinc, nickel, magnesium, lead, copper and manganese, agentcomprising one or more of the materials carbon and phosphorous which ispresent in an amount up to about 3 per cent by weight of the baseadapted to react with the material of the porous base and partiallyharden the same. i

5. A metallic body comprising, in preponderating amount, a refractorymetallic base of one or more of the metals of the sixth eriodic group,sub-group A in periodic table of the elements, with which isincorporated a relatively low melting point material comprising copperand a hardening material comprising carbon in an amount less than about3 per cent by weight of the base.

6. A metallic body comprising, in preponderating amount, a poroustungsten base, with which is incorporated a relatively low meltinpreponand an molybdenum,

constituent comprising copper, and-carbon in per cent by weight of j ingpoint metal comprising one or more of the metals aluminum, tin,antimony, zine, nickel, magnesium, lead, copper and man' ganese, andcarbon, the carbon being present in an amount up to about of the base.

7. A metallic body comprising a porous base of partially v a relativelylow melting point constituent comprising copper impregnating said porousbase, said carburized portion of said base including a carburizingmaterial in,an amount not greater than about 3 per cent by weight of thebase.

8. A metallic body comprising a .porous base of partially carburizedtungsten and copper impregnating said base, said carburized portion ofsaid base including a carburizing material of lamp black in an amount upto about 3 per cent by weight of the base.

9. A metallic body comprising a porous base of one or more of the metalstun n and a relatively low melting point an amount up to about 3 thebase, said carbon being adapted to react with the material of harden thesame. p

10. A metallic body comprising a porous base of partially carburizedtungsten and copper impregnating said base, said carburized portion ofsaid base including carbon in an gnaount of about .5 per cent by weightof the G. N. S JOS 3 per cent by weight carburized tungsten, and

the porous base and In testimony whereof-we our signa a tures.

IEGER. PH A.WE IGER.

